The air spills over the sides of the tongue instead of going straight down the middle. It sounds "wet" or "slushy" (like Sid the Sloth).
The tongue pokes out between the teeth instead of staying behind them. "Sun" sounds like "Thun".
The tongue lies flat or humps up in the wrong way, making "Red" sound like "Ooo-ed" or "Wed".
Age Matters:
Interdental Lisp (Th for S): Normal until age 4.5.
Lateral Lisp (Slushy): Never developmental. This is a distortion that needs fixing as soon as you notice it .
R Distortion: Normal until age 6 or 7.
Dental Check: Sometimes distortions happen because of a missing front tooth or a high palate. Check inside their mouth. If there is a huge gap, wait for the adult teeth!
The "Teeth Together" Cue: For S distortions, the single best cue you can give a mother is: "Tell him to close his teeth." You can't stick your tongue out if your teeth are closed!